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REXROTH溢流阀4WE6J73-62/EG24N9K4/A12
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液压装置中容易产生噪声的元件一般认为是泵和阀,阀中又以溢流阀和电磁换向阀等为主。产生噪声的因素很多。溢流阀的噪声有流速声和机械声二种。流速声中主要由油液振动、空穴以及液压冲击等原因产生的噪声。机械声中主要由阀中零件的撞击和磨擦等原因产生的噪声。
(1)压力不均匀引起的噪声
导型溢流阀的导阀部分是一个易振部位如图3所示。在高压情况下溢流时,导阀的轴向开口很小,仅0.003~0.006厘米。过流面积很小,流速很高,可达200米/秒,易引起压力分布不均匀,使锥阀径向力不平衡而产生振动。另外锥阀和锥阀座加工时产生的椭圆度、导阀口的脏物粘住及调压弹簧变形等,也会引起锥阀的振动。所以一般认为导阀是发生噪声的振源部位。
由于有弹性元件(弹簧)和运动质量(锥阀)的存在,构成了一个产生振荡的条件,而导阀前腔又起了一个共振腔的作用,所以锥阀发生振动后易引起整个阀的共振而发出噪声,发生噪声时一般多伴随有剧烈的压力跳动。
(2)空穴产生的噪声
当由于各种原因,空气被吸入油液中,或者在油液压力低于大气压时,溶解在油液中的部分空气就会析出形成气泡,这些气泡在低压区时体积较大,当随油液流到高压区时,受到压缩,体积突然变小或气泡消失;反之,如在高压区时体积本来较小,而当流到低压区时,体积突然增大,油中气泡体积这种急速改变的现象。气泡体积的突然改变会产生噪声,又由于这一过程发生在瞬间,将引起局部液压冲击而产生振动。导式溢流阀的导阀口和主阀口,油液流速和压力的变化很大,很容易出现空穴现象,由此而产生噪声和振动。
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REXROTH溢流阀4WE6J73-62/EG24N9K4/A12